Breakthrough discovery offers potential for longer-lasting EV batteries and accelerated energy transition
As batteries age, they lose capacity, causing older cellphones to run out of power more quickly. However, the exact reasons behind this phenomenon have not been fully understood until now.
A team of international researchers, led by an engineer at the University of Colorado Boulder, has uncovered the mechanism responsible for battery degradation. This breakthrough could pave the way for the development of improved batteries, extending the range and lifespan of electric vehicles, and advancing energy storage technologies for a cleaner energy future.
The study, published in the journal Science, sheds light on the molecular processes involved in battery degradation. By investigating the root cause of self-discharge in lithium-ion batteries, the researchers have identified ways to enhance battery performance and durability.
Traditionally, lithium-ion batteries have relied on cobalt, a costly and environmentally concerning mineral. Researchers have explored alternative elements like nickel and magnesium to replace cobalt, but these replacements have led to higher rates of self-discharge, limiting the lifespan of EV batteries.
Through advanced techniques at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory, the research team found that hydrogen molecules from the battery’s electrolyte can interfere with the binding of lithium ions on the cathode, weakening the electric current and reducing battery capacity over time.
Addressing self-discharge is crucial for improving EV batteries, which currently have shorter lifespans compared to conventional vehicles. By understanding the degradation mechanism, engineers can develop strategies to mitigate self-discharge, such as coating the cathode with special materials or using different electrolytes.
This newfound knowledge not only contributes to the advancement of lithium-ion batteries but also aligns with efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector. By enhancing battery performance and longevity, the transition to electric vehicles can be accelerated, paving the way for a more sustainable energy future.
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Michael Thompson earned his degree in Agricultural Engineering from Purdue University in the USA, specializing in precision agriculture and smart farming technologies. His work revolves around the development of automated systems that increase farm efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Michael is now a senior engineer at a leading agri-tech company, where he designs innovative solutions for modern agriculture.