Energy-Saving Biomaterials Breakthrough Driven by Molecular Simulations and Supercomputing
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a new method for processing nanocellulose, a plant-based material, that reduces energy needs by 21%. This breakthrough was achieved through molecular simulations on supercomputers, followed by pilot testing.
The new method uses a solvent of sodium hydroxide and urea in water to significantly lower the production cost of nanocellulosic fiber, which is a strong and lightweight biomaterial used in 3D-printing sustainable structures. This development supports the shift towards a circular bioeconomy that replaces petroleum-based resources with renewable and biodegradable materials, thereby reducing waste and decarbonizing the economy.
Collaborating with the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and the University of Maine, the research team focused on improving the efficiency of producing nanocellulose fibers through a process called fibrillation. By testing various solvents through computer simulations, they identified a solvent pretreatment that resulted in a 21% energy savings compared to traditional methods.
The team estimates that using this solvent can save up to 777 kilowatt hours per metric ton of nanocellulose fibers, equivalent to powering a house for a month. Additionally, the resulting fibers maintain mechanical strength and other desirable characteristics, making them suitable for various applications.
This project, supported by the DOE’s Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office, aims to develop sustainable manufacturing processes for creating carbon-neutral materials. By leveraging computational, materials science, and manufacturing expertise, the team hopes to streamline the production of nanocellulose and accelerate the adoption of biomaterials in various industries.
Their research also delves into predicting the best combination of nanocellulose and other polymers for creating fiber-reinforced composites, with the goal of advancing manufacturing systems and addressing issues like the housing shortage. Overall, the team’s efforts are paving the way for more cost-effective and sustainable production methods for nanocellulose, contributing to the growth of renewable technologies and materials.
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Michael Thompson earned his degree in Agricultural Engineering from Purdue University in the USA, specializing in precision agriculture and smart farming technologies. His work revolves around the development of automated systems that increase farm efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Michael is now a senior engineer at a leading agri-tech company, where he designs innovative solutions for modern agriculture.